Air Arabia near‑miss and United windshield breach spotlight human‑machine delay and rising space‑debris risk
From the Air Arabia A320 near‑miss and A330 runway conflict (20 Sep 2025) to United Airlines’ 737‑MAX windshield breach (19 Oct 2025), there have been two major converging safety challenges: human‑machine interaction during critical flight phases and the emergence of external kinetic threats that exceed the protective